Fig. 8

Age-period-cohort analysis of global CKD-related mortality from 1990 to 2021. A Longitudinal age curve of CKD-related mortality; B cross-sectional age curve of CKD-related mortality; C comparison of longitudinal vs. cross-sectional rate ratios; D fitted temporal trends in CKD-related mortality; E period rate ratios over time; F cohort rate ratios by birth cohort; G local drifts in CKD-related mortality by age; H age deviations from the fitted model; I period deviations from the fitted model; J cohort deviations from the fitted model; K fitted cohort pattern of CKD-related mortality