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Table 3 Logistic regression analysis for association with IgG titer >  = 640 in the IIP among 146 admission patients

From: Exploratory study of antibody titers against SARS-CoV-2 using an indirect immunoperoxidase assay in COVID-19 patients and vaccinated volunteers

Basic characteristics

IgG titer >  = 640 frequency (%)

cOR

95% CI

P value*

aOR**

95% CI

P value*

Age as a continuous var. (N = 146)

81 (55.5)

1.03

1.01–1.05

0.001

1.01

0.99–1.04

0.17

 Age < 50 (N = 57)

21 (36.8)

Ref

  

Ref

  

 Age 50–64 (N = 40)

28 (70.0)

4

1.69–9.49

0.002

3.53

1.35–9.23

0.01

 Age >  = 65 (N = 49)

32 (65.3)

3.23

1.45–7.16

0.004

1.55

0.57–4.23

0.389

Male sex (N = 76)

42 (55.3)

0.98

0.51–1.89

0.956

1.26

0.57–2.78

0.574

Chronic heart disease (N = 14)

7 (50.0)

0.78

0.26–2.36

0.665

0.71

0.16–3.13

0.647

Chronic lung disease (N = 5)

3 (60.0)

1.21

0.20–7.48

0.836

0.99

0.12–7.81

0.989

Autoimmune disease (N = 4)

2 (50.0)

0.8

0.11–5.82

0.823

0.1

0.01–1.76

0.116

Malignant disease (N = 6)

3 (50.0)

0.79

0.16–4.08

0.783

0.92

0.13–6.54

0.934

Chronic kidney disease (N = 4)

3 (75.0)

2.46

0.25–24.24

0.44

3.13

0.15–66.30

0.463

Diabetes mellitus (N = 33)

23 (69.7)

2.18

0.95–5.00

0.065

2.33

0.82–6.64

0.113

Hypertension (N = 60)

42 (70.0)

2.81

1.40–5.64

0.004

1.73

0.70–4.25

0.234

Dyslipidemia (N = 33)

25 (75.8)

3.18

1.32–7.65

0.01

2.39

0.85–6.69

0.098

Body mass index >  = 30 (N = 8)

5 (62.5)

1.36

0.31–5.91

0.682

1.41

0.27–7.47

0.684

Steroid use for comorbidity (N = 6)

4 (66.7)

1.64

0.29–9.23

0.577

0.14

0.01–2.42

0.177

Immunosuppressive agent for comorbidity (N = 3)

2 (66.7)

1.62

0.14–18.28

0.696

0.01

0.0001–0.30

0.01

Current smoker (N = 28)#

13 (46.4)

0.67

0.29–1.54

0.348

0.68

0.26–1.80

0.438

Ex-smoker (N = 63)#

31 (49.2)

0.68

0.35–1.34

0.267

0.63

0.28–1.40

0.259

Days from COVID-19 onset to blood draw as a continuous var. (N = 117)#

58 (49.6)

1.36

1.18–1.55

 < 0.001

1.26

1.11–1.44

0.001

Days from COVID-19 onset to blood draw: < 7 days (N = 22)

3 (13.6)

Ref

  

Ref

  

Days from COVID-19 onset to blood draw: 7–13 days (N = 74)

35 (47.3)

5.68

1.55–20.86

0.009

5.33

1.54–18.44

0.008

Days from COVID-19 onset to blood draw: >  = 14 days (N = 21)

20 (95.2)

126.67

12.10–1326.4

 < 0.001

37.65

6.36–222.9

 < 0.001

Days from 2nd vaccination to blood draw: >  = 7 days (N = 23)

16 (69.6)

2.04

0.78–5.31

0.144

4.04

1.27–12.87

0.018

CT scan finding of COVID-19 associated pneumonia: none (N = 29)

12 (41.4)

Ref

  

Ref

  

CT scan finding of COVID-19 associated pneumonia: in 1 lobe (N = 21)

7 (33.3)

0.71

0.22–2.28

0.564

0.84

0.19–3.81

0.822

CT scan finding of COVID-19 associated pneumonia: in >  = 2 lobes (N = 96)

62 (64.6)

2.58

1.11–6.04

0.028

1.93

0.54–6.86

0.309

COVID-19 severity##: asymptomatic (N = 2)

1 (50.0)

1.75

0.10–31.96

0.706

1.22

0.03–44.36

0.912

COVID-19 severity##: mild (N = 22)

8 (36.4)

Ref

  

Ref

  

COVID-19 severity##: mild-moderate, no oxygen administration (N = 73)

35 (47.9)

1.61

0.60–4.31

0.341

1.5

0.42–5.41

0.536

COVID-19 severity##: moderate-severe, oxygen administration required (N = 46)

37 (80.4)

7.19

2.32–22.35

0.001

3.67

0.74–18.19

0.111

Mortality case (N = 3)

1 (33.3)

0.39

0.03–4.44

0.451

0.42

0.02–8.10

0.564

  1. cOR crude odds ratio, aOR adjusted odds ratio, CI confidence interval, var. variable, Ref reference
  2. *P values were calculated by univariate and multivariate logistic regression to compare the cases whose IgG titer >  = 640 and the others
  3. **Adjusted for age, number of days from COVID-19 onset to blood draw, and whether 2nd vaccination given >  = 7 days prior to blood draw
  4. #Missing values were imputed by multiple imputations by chained equation models including all the variables with missing values, IgG titer >  = 640, age, gender, chronic heart disease, diabetes mellitus, dyslipidemia, immunosuppressive agent use, LDH, ALB, BUN, COVID-19 severity, CT scan findings, 2nd vaccination given >  = 7 days prior to blood draw, and whether blood samples were collected for the clinical laboratory tests and IIP on the same day
  5. ##COVID-19 severity was defined as follows mild: percutaneous oxygen saturation (SpO2) >  = 96% without pneumonia, mild-moderate: 93% < SpO2 < 96% and/or pneumonia, moderate-severe: SpO2 <  = 93% and oxygen administration request
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Tropical Medicine and Health

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