Table 4 Association of parents/guardians’ knowledge of schistosome infection status of their pre-school children

Awareness (n = 1038)

 Heard of schistosomiasis

No

85 (15.2)

65 (13.6)

Yes

474 (84.8)

414 (86.4)

0.97 (0.60,1.57)

Cause (n = 888)

 Bacteria

No

435 (91.8)

381(92.0)

Yes

39 (8.2)

33(8.0)

0.97 (0.60, 1.57)

 Virus

No

464 (97.9)

408(98.6)

Yes

10 (2.1)

6 (1.4)

0.68 (0.25, 1.89)

 Parasites (Worm)

No

158 (33.3)

126 (30.4)

Yes

316 (66.7)

288 (69.6)

1.14 (0.86, 1.52)

Mode of transmission (n = 888)

 Drinking water

No

221 (46.6)

219 (52.9)

Yes

253 (53.4)

195 (47.1)

0.78 (0.60, 1.01)

 Food

No

466 (98.3)

400 (96.6)

Yes

8 (1.7)

14 (3.4)

2.04 (0.85, 4.91)

 Lake water contact

No

222 (46.8)

166 (40.1)

Yes

252 (53.2)

248 (59.9)

1.32 (1.01,1.72)*

1.35 (1.03,1.77)*

Sign and symptoms (n = 888)

 None

No

467 (98.5)

411 (99.3)

Yes

7 (1.5)

3 (0.7)

0.49 (0.11, 1.77)

 Abdominal pain

No

441 (93.0)

374 (90.3)

Yes

33 (7.0)

40 (9.7)

1.43 (0.88, 2.31)

 Blood in stool

No

404 (85.2)

352 (85.0)

Yes

70 (14.8)

62 (15.0)

1.02 (0.70, 1.47)

 Blood in urine

No

240 (50.6)

206 (49.8)

Yes

234 (49.4)

208 (50.2)

1.04 (0.80, 1.35)

 Stunting

No

461 (97.3)

406 (98.1)

Yes

13 (2.7)

8 (1.9)

0.70 (0.29, 1.70)

Source of infection (n = 888)

 Lake

No

76 (16.0)

55 (13.3)

Yes

398 (84.0)

359 (86.7)

1.25 (0.86, 1.81)

 Dam

No

376 (79.3)

358 (86.5)

Yes

98 (21.7)

56 (13.5)

0.60 (0.42, 0.86)*

0.59 (0.41,0.85)*

 Toilet

No

448 (94.5)

402 (97.1)

Yes

26 (5.5)

12 (2.9)

0.51 (0.26, 1.03)

_

 Playground

No

464 (97.9)

409 (98.8)

Yes

10 (2.1)

5 (1.2)

0.57 (0.19, 1.56)

_